Cloth cutting machine



y 1942- M. zAwlsTbwsKl 2,282,918

CLOTH CUTTING MACHINE .Filed April 11, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet l 3 INVENTOR Marlin Zawds'ZbwJ/iz' ATTORNEYS May 12, 1942. M. ZAWISTOWSKI CLOTH CUTTING MACHINE Filed April 11, 1941 I5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTQR Marfin Zaa/as'owsliw M ATTO RN EYS y 1942- M. -ZAWISTOWSKI 2,282,918

CLOTH CUTTING MACHINE Filed April 11, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Rig - INVENTQR Martin Zawzszowsll'a ATTORNEYS Patented May 12, 1942 UNITED STT ES TENT OFFICE 11 Claims.

The present invention relates to a mechanism for sharpening the reciprocable knife of a cloth cutting machine.

One object of the present invention is to provide new and improved means, whereby the operation of a power driven knife grinding mechanism is automatically controlled to terminate at the end of a grinding cycle.

Another object is'to provide new and improved means for moving a power driven knife grinding mechanism along the knife to be sharpened, and for automatically shutting off the power to said mechanism when it has terminated its grinding cycle.

Another object is to provide new and improved means for moving a power driven knife grinding mechanism along the knife to be sharpened, and for automatically applying and shutting off the power to said mechanism at the beginning and at the end of its grinding stroke to initiate and terminate its grinding cycle.

Various other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following particular description and from an inspection of the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a cloth cutting machine provided with a knife sharpening mechanism embodying the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the machine shown in Fig. 1.

Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, '7 and 8 are sections taken on line 3-3, l4, 5-5, 66, 7-1 and 88 of Fig. 1 respectively.

Figs. 9 and 10 are sections taken on lines 9-9 and l 0-H] of Fig. 3 respectively, and

Fig. 11 is a detail of Fig. 3, but showing a clutch part in a different position.

The knife sharpening mechanism is shown attached to a cloth cutting machine of the general type shown in my prior Patent No. 1,568,705, issued January 5, 1926. The working parts of the illustrated machine are carried by a vertical standard It, the lower end of which is secured toa base H adapted to slide beneath the layers of material to be cut. 'The standard l0 carries at'its upper end a frame 12, which supports an electric motor l3, and which has rigid therewith a handle l4 for guiding and controllingthe machine. The motor l3, which is controlled by a suitable switch 15, vertically reciprocates a cloth cutting knife l6 guided in a groove or slot in the front edge of the standard I0. In front of this knife I6 is a vertically adjustable guard bar having a presser 2| at its lower end.

The knife sharpening-mechanism is ofthe type '21, 28 and'29 ing a worm 30, secured to the rotation with the corresponding wheels 22, and a drive rope pulleys.

shown and claimed in copendi-ng application Serial No. 323,111, and includestwo sets of sharpening elements movable into engagement with opposite sides of the cutting edge of the knife Each of these sets desirably comprises a pair of superposed coaxial grinding wheels 22 of emery or other suitable abrasive material, mounted on a vertical spindle 23, and driven from an electric motor 24- superposed on the knife'operating motor I3. This-motor I3 is suitably supported, as for instance by means of a frame plate 25 forming the head plate of the casing of the knife reciprocating motor I3.

The transmission between the motor 24 and the grinding wheels 22 includes a pair of upright shafts 26, suitably journalled in brackets rigid with and extending forwardlyfrom the frame plate 25. These shafts 26 are driven in opposite directions from the motor 24 through a reduction gearing, desirably comprisshaft of themotor 24, and meshing witha pair of worm-wheels 3|,

splined to said shafts-respectively. These worm wheels 3| are Supported between superposed brackets 21 and 28, and permit the shafts '24 to slide axially therethrough without interruption of the drive to said shafts.

The transmission between each shaft 26 and its corresponding set of grinding wheels 22 desirablyincludes a rope pulley 33, mounted on the lower end of said shaft for rotationtherewith, a

rope pulley 34 mounted on the spindle 23 for pair of grinding 35 between said The drive connection between the pulley 34 and its corresponding set of grinding wheels 22 desirably comprises a sleeve extension 36 onsaid pulley loosely encircling the respective spindle 23. The twogrinding wheels 22 are spaced-apart by a washer 31, and are clamped for rotation with the pulley 34 and sleeve '36 by means of a nut 38, threaded to the lower end of the sleeve '36, and bearing against-a washer 39 cm the-lower side. of the lower grinding wheel. Nuts 45 threadedon the lower endofthe spindle 23 form a stop for the lower end of the sleeve 36.

The twosets of grinding wheels 22 are-bodily movable horizontally towards or away fromknife sharpening position. For that purpose each spindle 23 is suspended from the outer end of an arm 40 extending radially of; its respective shaft '26, and rotatable about saidshaft.

For rotatably supporting each arm 40, the inner end thereof is press fitted or otherwise -af- .roller 63 supported on fixed to a sleeye 41, which loosely encircles the lower end of its respective shaft 26, and which is journalled in a cross bar 48 encircling both shafts 26. The arm 40 is spaced from the lower end of this cross bar 48 by a collar 50 rigid with the sleeve 41 for rotation therewith.

For swinging the two sets of grinding wheels 22 in opposite directions towards knife grinding position shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 8, there is provided a cylindrical member in the form of a sleeve 55, loosely encircling each shaft 26 just above the cross bar 48, and encircling at its lower end an upper reduced portion of the sleeve 41. This sleeve 55 is made rigid with the sleeve 41 by any suitable means, such as set screw 56, so that both sleeves, the collar 50, and the arm40 are free to rotate as a unit about their respective shafts 26, and with respect to the cross bar 48, and are movable vertically as a unit with said crossbar.

Upward vertical movement of the cross bar 48 is transmitted to the shafts 26 through the abutment of the upper ends of the sleeves 41 against annular shoulders 58 on said shafts respectively, while downward vertical movement of said cross bar is transmitted from the pulley 33 to said shafts in a manner to be hereinafter made apparent.

For swinging the two sets of grinding wheels 22 in an opposite direction between the two positions shownin Fig. 8, each sleeve 55 is comparatively long and has in its upper part a high pitch spiral groove 6| into which extends a the frame plate 25. A straight groove 62, extending lengthwise of each sleeve 55 in the lower part thereof, and merging into the lower end of the spiral groove 6| permits initial and terminal axial movements of the sleeves 55 without swinging the grinding wheels 22. a

The spiral grooves 6| start from the upper ends of their respective sleeves 55, and extend 180 around said sleeves in opposite directions, so that the two sets of grinding wheels 22 will swing simultaneously and equally but in opposite directions upon axial movement of said sleeves. When the sleeves 55 are in uppermost inoperative position shown in Fig. 3, the rollers 63 extend into the respective straight grooves 62, so that the arms 40 extend forwardly of the cutting machine in the full line position indicated in Figs. 2, 3 and 8. When the sleeves 55 are lowered into position past the rollers 63, the arms 40 will have been rotated to the operative position shown in dot and dash lines in Figs. 2 with the two sets of grinding wheels 22 almost touching opposite sides of the knife Hi. In this position, the arms 40 extend on opposite sides of the presser foot bar 20, which is offset with respect to the plane of the knife l6. To prevent this bar 20 from interfering with the 'inner run of the rope belt 35 nearest thereto, and to permit the operation of the sharpening device while I the presser foot bar is lowered in operative position, said inner belt run is held back by an idler 59 suspended from an arm 40, as shown in Fig. 8.

To feed the grinding wheels 22 along the knife Hi, there is provided an upright lead screw 10, threaded in a nut 1|, and passing through the brackets 28 and 29. Journalled in the nut II are the two shafts 26, connected at their upper ends to said nut for vertical movement therewith.

and 8, I

vided a pair of opposed bevel clutch gears 13 and 14, loosely mounted on said screw between the brackets 28 and 29, and having their hubs journalled in said brackets respectively. These two gears 13 and M are driven in opposite directions by a bevel gear 1'5, meshing therewith and driven from the motor 24 through a gear 16, which is afiixed to the shaft of said bevel gear 15, and which meshes with a gear 11 on the shaft of said motor. To effect drive engagement between either one of the two gears 13 and 14 and the lead screw 10, there is provided a clutch desirably comprising a clutch collar 80, slidably keyed to the lead screw 10 between said gears by any suitable means, as for instance a pin and elongated slot connection.

To effect clutch engagement between the collar and either one of the two gears 13 and 14, said collar desirably has one or more lugs 83 on each side thereof, and the gears 13 and 14 hav similar lugs 84 adapted to engage said lugs 83 when said collar is moved in one of its limiting positions on the lead screw 10 to rotate the corresponding gear with said collar.

For shifting the collar 80 into clutch engagement with either one of the two gears 13 and 14, there is provided a shifting lever 85, pivotally supported at 85 on a depending extension of the bracket 28 and having a fork extending in a peripheral groove 81 of the collar 80.

For shifting the lever 85, there is provided a finger piece affixed to a plate 9| rigid with the cross bar 48. A bell crank 92, pivotally supported at 93 on a bracket extension of the finger piece 90, has an arm 94 serving as a thumb piece, and an arm 95 with an offset 96 at its. outer end extending in a slot 91 at the upper end of the plate 9|. A spring 98 between the finger piece 90 and the crank arm 94 urges the crank 92 crank clockwise in the position shown in Fig. 3.

A lever |0| is secured to a U-shaped bracket or yoke I00, pivotally supported on the frame structure of the machine at I02, and has its upper end engaging the underside of the shifting lever 85, and its lower end engaging the forward side of the crank arm 95, so that upon rotation of the crank 92 counter-clockwise (Fig. 3), the lever |0| will be rotated about the pivot point I02 to lift the shifting lever 85 counter-clockwise about the pivotal support 86, and thereby shift the collar 80 from the neutral position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 11 in clutch engagement with the upper bevel gear 13. In this position of the collar 80, drive connection will be established between the upper gear 13 and the lead screw 10, and said screw will be rotated in a direction to effect downward movement of the nut 1|, and in turn the rotating shafts 26.

For controlling the current to the motor 24, there is provided in the circuit of said motor a switch I05, mounted on a bracket I06 rigid with the frame plate 25, and operated by a plunger I01. The switch I05 normally tends to close, but is kept open by the plunger I01 having a bevelled head I08, which seats on a pair of bevel edges on opposite sides of the plate groove 91 of plate 9| when the knife grinding mechanism is in the elevated operative position shown in Fig. 3.

When the knife grinding mechanism is lowered from the position shown in Fig. 3, the corresponding lowering of the plate 9| releases the plunger I01, and permits the contacts of the switch |05 to close under the action of theirinpression I22.

herent resiliency. The closing of the switch I causes rotation of the motor 24, so that the shafts .26 and the lead screw are driven to .rotate the-grinding wheels 22, move thegrinding its up er end to the nut 1 I ,eandextending loosely through openings in bracket 21 and shifting leverj85. A coil spring H1 is adjustably secured. :to the upper end of. the triprod II5 by any suiti able means, as for instance clamp I I8, and bears downwardly against the shifting lever 185 when the grinding Wheels 22 .reach the end of their downward stroke. This bearing action of the spring M1 on the lever -85shifts the clutch collar '80 downwardly out of engagement with the upper bevelgear I3 and. into engagement with the lower bevel .gear 14. This causes the lead screw 10 to rotate in reverse direction, so that the grinding wheels 22 start on their upward stroke. Towards the end of this upward stroke,

.the rollers 63 entering the respective spiral grooves -6I of the upwardly moving sleeves 55 rotate said sleeves, and thereby swing the grinding wheels 22 away from grinding engagement with the knife I6 into inoperative position shown in Fig. 3. When the grinding wheels 22 have reached the end of the upward stroke, a catch I20 on the lower end of the trip rod H5 will engage the underside of the lever-85 and shift thereby the clutch collar 80 into neutralinoperative position shown in Fig. 3. At the same time, the plate 9| travelling upwardly with the grinding wheels 22 will engage the plunger I01 and open the switch I 05, so that the motor 24 will stop.

Snap means for releasably locking the clutch collar 80 into anyone of its three axial positions desirably includes a depending arm I2I, fixed to a frame part of .the machine such as bracket 28,

and having three depressions I22 punched or otherwise formed in said arm. A depending arm I23 secured to the shifting lever 85 has a projection I24 punched or otherwise formed thereon,

andhas a certain amount of inherent resiliency urging its lower end into engagement with the lower end of the arm I2I. The projection I24 is disposed opposite the line of depressions I22, and is adapted to snap thereinto upon angular movement of the lever 85 in either one of its three positions.

When the collar 80 is in the neutral position shown in Fig. 3, the arm I23 will be in an angular position in which its projection I24 extends into the central depressions I22 to frictionally hold the shifting lever 85 against rotation, so that said collar will be retained in neutral position until shifted by operation of the crank 92. When the collar 80 is in its upper position inengagement with the gear 13, the projection I24 on arm I23 will extend in the right hand depression I22 (Figs. 3 and 11), and when the collar 80 is in its lower position in engagement with the gear 14,

said projection will extend in the left hand de- The operation of the crank 92 and the trip rod H5 is sufiicient to overcome the frictional engagement of the two arms I2I and I23, and to movesaid arm I23 into either one of its two other clutch locking positions.

Means are provided for yieldab-ly urging the twossets of grinding wheels22into grinding contact withoppositesidesof the cutting edge ofthe knife :IB .after the sleeves .55 have been moved to a positiontofree the drive roller 33. This -.means desirably includes a friction washer I25 of hard rubber vorithe like, disposed between, each bar :40 .and zits corresponding drive pulley 33, both the washer-. an'd :the pulley being'mounted on .its respective shaft :26 for rotation therewith by anyisuitalo'le means, as for instance by making the lower section. of said shaft of rectangular cross-section. The washer I25 and pulley 33 arexspring-pressediupwardly by means of a coil As thezpu1ley33 and the washer I25 rotated towards :the knit pressedzagainst it.

The springl2fiserves not-only to urge the pulley 33 in frictional contact with the washer I25, but alsoserves to yieldingly support the sleeve 55 and the crossbar .48 with respect to the shafts 25, so that said sleeve and cross barare permitted to-move downwardly a limited extent along said shaft lat therbeginning of the grinding operation to .release'the plunger I01 and initiate the grinding cycle. During this initial downward movement of the sleeve55, the drive roller 63 extends in :;the straightgroove02 thereof, to facilitate this initialmovement.

The :frictionaldrive to the arms. 40 is not effective until the sleeves 55 have been moved downwardly belowthe rollers 63 and saidsleeves are free to rotate. After the sleeves 55 have been so released, the grinding wheels 22 will be almost in contact with the cutting edge of the knife I6, and the frictional drive from the rotating drive pulleys 33 through the washers I25 will yieldably maintain the rotating grinding wheels in grinding contact with the cutting edge.

In order to maintain a more effective grinding contact between thegrinding wheels 22 and the knife I5, there is provided a pair of similar Z-shaped brackets I30, slidably supported by screws I3I on the cross bar 48, and having flanges I32 at one end engaging the collar 50, and flanges I33at theother end facing each other in parallel relationship. A spring I34 extending between and bearing against the flanges I33 is supported on a guide rod I35, fixed to one of said flanges and loosely passing through the other, and urges the two brackets I apart and against the collars 50.

Each of thecollars 50 has a circular edge section I36, concentric with its respective shaft 25 and a straight chordal section I31, and is so mounted that when the respective arm 40 extends forwardly in inoperative position shown in Fig. 3, the circular section I35 of the collar will be engaging the correspondingbracket flange I32, while the chordal edges I31 will be disposed diametrically opposite said flange, as shown in Fig. '7. While the circular collar sections I36 are engaged by the bracket flanges I32, the line of spring force of these flanges on the collars 50 extends through the axes of these collars, so that the spring-pressed brackets I30 have no turning effect on the wheel-carrying arms 40. When the two sets of grinding Wheels 22 are swung into operative grinding position, the bracket flanges I32 engaging the flat sides I31 of the collars 50 will exert a turning force on the arms 40 tending to maintain the grinding wheels I6 and yieldingly ineffective grindingengagement with the knife.

vice is believed apparent from the foregoing description, this operation is briefly summarized.

While the sharpening device is in elevated inoperative position shown in Fig. 3, the switch I05 is open, so that the motor 24 is shut off and the arms 40 extend forwardly of the cutting machine in front of the motor l3 and the knife [6, and the grinding wheels 22 are in raised stationary position above the operating field of the knife, so that cutting operations can be effected without interference from said sharpening device.

When it is desired to sharpen the knife IS, the operator inserts his first finger in the finger piece 98, and with his thumb presses downwardly on the crank arm 94 to swing the lever lOl clockwise, and thereby effect shifting of the clutch collar 80 into engagement with the gear 13. At the same time the operator presses down on the finger piece 90 to cause downward movement of the plate 9|, the sleeves 55, and the cross bar 48 in unison with respect to the shafts 26. This operation releases the plunger I01 and causes closing of the switch [05, so that the motor 24 is started. The operation of this motor causes the rotation of the lead screw 10, and since the shafts 26 are fixed to the nut ll, these shafts move downwardly to cause the downward movement of the two sets of grinding'wheels 22 in unison with the sleeves 55. As the sleeves 55 move downwardly, they are rotated by the rollers 63, so that the arms 40 are swung about the axis of the shafts 26 to effect engagement of the wheels 22 with opposite bevelled sides of the knife cutting edge. At the same time, the shafts 26 are rotated to cause rotation of the grinding wheels 22 at high speed for grinding action.

When the two sets of grinding wheels 22 have reached the bottom of their downward stroke, the spring H1 engaging the shifting lever 85 causes the movement of'the clutch collar 80 out of engagement with the gear 13 and into engagement with the gear 14. This operation causes a reverse rotation of the lead screw 10, so that the nut H travels upwardly carrying therewith the rotating shafts 2B. As these shafts 26 are moved upwardly, they carry therewith the two sets of grinding wheels 22, and as soon as the sleeves 55 reach the position in which the rollers 63 enter the spiral grooves 6| thereof, these sleeves rotate to cause the swinging movement of the arms 43 and the corresponding movement of the two sets of grinding wheels 22 from engagement with the knife cutting edge to a position forwardly of the machine. As the two sets of grinding wheels 22 reach the end of their upward stroke, the catch I20 on the trip rod H5 shifts the lever 85 into position to move the clutch collar 80 out of engagement with the gear 14 and into the intermediate neutral position shown in Fig. 3. At the same time, the plate 9| engages the head of the plunger I01, and moves said plunger upwardly to open the circuit of the motor 24 and thereby terminate the operating cycle.

As many changes could be made in the above apparatus, and many apparently widely different embodiments of this invention could be made without departing from the scope of the claims, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is:

l. A cloth cutting machine comprising an up- Although the operation ofthe sharpening deright knife, a sharpening device for said knife, and means for moving said device along said knife, including a lead screw, a feed connection between said screw and said sharpening device, a pair of clutch gears loosely mounted on said screw, means for driving said gears in opposite directions, and a clutch collar on said lead screw rotatable therewith and slidable therealong between said gears into clutch engagement with either one of said ears.

2. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a sharpening device for said knife, a fixed motor, power transmission means driven from said motor for moving said device downwardly and upwardly along said knife, a switch in the circuit of said motor, means automatically operable when said device is moved manually downwardly alimited extent from an elevated inoperative position for closing said switch and thereby operate said motor to continue the downward movement of said device automatically through said transmission means, and means for automatically opening said switch when said device reaches the end of its upward stroke to shut off said motor.

3. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a grinding wheel, a fixed motor, means including a vertical shaft operated from said motor for driving said wheel for knife grinding operations, spring pressed means for yieldably supporting said wheel from said shaft to permit limited downward movement of said wheel with respect to said shaft against the action of the spring while maintaining a drive connection between said shaft and said wheel, power driven transmission means also operated from said motor for moving said wheel in both directions along said knife, means responsive to downward manipulation of said wheel from an elevated operative position for initiating the operation of said two motor operated means, and automatically operable when said wheel reaches the end of its upward stroke for terminating the operation of both of said motor operated means.

4. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a sharpening device for said knife, a fixed motor, a transmission between said motor and said device for moving said device along said knife in both directions, and including a reversible clutch having a pair of coaxial rotatable members driven in opposite directions, and a clutch member mounted between and coaxial with said rotatable members and movable axially into one of two reverse operative drive positions into coupling engagement with either one of said rotatable members or into inoperative position, means for shifting said clutch member from inoperative position to one of its operative positions upon downward manipulation of said sharpening device from elevated position to move said device automatically downwardly through said transmission,'means for shifting said clutch member into its other operative position when said sharpening device reaches the end of its downward stroke for causing upward movement of said device, and means for shifting said clutch member into inoperative position when said device reaches the end of its upward stroke.

5. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a sharpening device for said knife, a motor, a lead screw, a nut threaded on said screw and mounted for axial movement with said sharpening device, whereby said sharpening device is moved along said knife upon rotation of said screw, a transmission between said motor and said lead screw for driving said lead screw, and including a reversible coupling, and a trip member movable with said nut for automatically reversing said coupling when said device reaches the end of its downward stroke for reversing the rotation of said lead screw and thereby cause upward movement of said sharpening device.

6. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a grinding wheel adapted to engage the cutting edge of said knife in sharpening contact therewith, a motor, a transmission from said motor for driving said wheel for knife grinding action, and including a shaft axially movable with said wheel, a nut connected to said shaft for axial movement therewith, a lead screw parallel to said shaft and threaded in said nut, and a transmission between said motor and said lead screw for rotating said lead screw.

'7. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising two sets of wheels adapted to engage opposite sides of the cutting edge of said knife, a motor, a transmission from-said motor for driving said wheels for knife grinding action, and including a pair of upright parallel shafts movable axially with said wheels, a nut connected to said shafts for axial movement therewith, an upright lead screw parallel to said shafts and threaded in said nut, a transmission between said motor and said lead screw for rotating said lead screw, and including a reverse coupling, and trip means carried by said nut for reversing said coupling at the end of the downward stroke of said knife to effect reversal of rotation of said lead screw.

8. In a cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a grinding wheel adapted to engage the cutting edge of said knife in sharpening contact therewith, a motor, a transmission from said motor for driving said wheel for knife grinding action, and including a shaft axially movable with said wheel, a nut connected to said shaft for axial movement therewith, a lead screw parallel to said shaft, threaded in said nut, and supported against axial movement, a transmission between said motor and said lead screw for rotating said lead screw, and including a pair of clutch gears loosely mounted on said lead screw, means for rotating said gears in opposite direction, and a clutch collar mounted on said lead screw for roreaches the end of its downward stroke, to effect return upward movement of said wheel.

9, In av cloth-cutting machine of the type having an upright knife, the combination comprising a sharpening device for said knife, a motor, a transmission between said motor and said device for moving said device along said knife, and including a reversible clutch movable into one of two reverse operative drive positions and into inoperative position, a handle by which said device can be manipulated downwardly from an inoperativepositio'n, and means accessible for operation by the hand manipulating said handle knife from inoperative position, means responsive to this initial movement of said device for automatically closing said switch to start said motor, a finger piece accessible for operation by the hand holding said handle, and means responsive to the manipulation of said finger piece for moving said clutch from inoperative position into one of two reverse operative drive positions to effect movement of said device along saidknife in one direction.

11. In a cloth-cutting machine of the reciproeating knife type, the combination comprising a pair of knife sharpening members movable up or down, and having pivotal supports permitting swinging movement of said members bodily about said supports, means for automatically swinging said members towards sharpening contact with the knife when said members are lowered from an elevated inoperative position, and for automatically swinging said sharpening members about their pivotal supports and away from said knife when said members are moved upwardly beyond a predetermined position, a fixed motor, power transmission means operated from said motor for automatically moving said members along said knife in both directions, a switch in the circuit of said motor, said sharpening members being manipulable downwardly a limited extent from an elevated inoperative position independently of the operation of said motor, and means automatically operable upon manipulation of said sharpening members downwardly from said elevated inoperative position for closing said switch to start the operation of said motor. 7

MARTIN ZAWISTOWSKI. 

